Two Years Ago In December Of 2015, A New Education Law

Two years ago in December of 2015, a new education law called Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), was signed by President Obama in hopes to better prepare students for college and set them up for future careers. The previous education law that was in place, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, was enacted in 2002. â€Å"NCLB represented a significant step forward for our nation’s children in many respects, particularly as it shined a light on where students were making progress and where they needed additional support, regardless of race, income, zip code, disability, home language, or background† (U.S Department of Education. n.d.). Over time, these requirements stopped showing improvement in schools and educators spoke out about a revision†¦show more content†¦Another important one I want to highlight is to â€Å"maintains an expectation that there will be accountability and action to effect positive change in our lowest-performing schools, where groups of st udents are not making progress, and where graduation rates are low over extended periods of time† (U.S Department of Education. n.d.) However, it was along these same guidelines that sparked the increase and importance of standardized testing in American schools, which have forced teachers to teach to the test, and make sure all students do their best to help their schools look the best. In Massachusetts, there are levels of accountability for MCAS that are ranked from 1 to 5, with the highest performing in Level 1 and lowest performing in Level 5 Schools. â€Å"The strength of this accountability system is undergirded by the state s 2010 Act Relative to the Achievement Gap, which provides tools, rules, and supports for the state to aggressively engage with schools and districts in Level 4 Districts and Schools and 5† (Massachusetts Department of Education, 2017). In November, a plan to add on to MCAS testing was approved by the Board of Elementary and Secondary Educati on, which would ensure that â€Å"all districts who administered PARCC in grades 3–8 in the spring of 2015 do so again in 2016. For those school districts that administered MCAS in the spring of 2015, they have the opportunity to give out the test again in the spring of 2016, or instead give outShow MoreRelatedThe Social Security Act Of 19351541 Words   |  7 PagesHistory Social Security has strayed from the first bill that was signed by President F. Roosevelt 80 years ago. The Social Security Act was signed by FDR on 8/14/35. Taxes were collected for the first time in January 1937 and the first one-time, lump-sum payments were made that same month. Regular ongoing monthly benefits started in January 1940... The term was first used in the U.S. by Abraham Epstein in connection with his group, the American Association for Social Security. 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Obesity A Common Trend - 985 Words

According to Center Disease Control and Prevention, over one-third (78.6 million) adults are obese, and in 2008 a projected annual cost of $147 billion U.S. dollars were spent for medical cost of adult obesity (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Obesity is a common trend throughout the U.S. making obesity a serious and costly trend. Although obesity is a common trend throughout the U.S. there are certain groups, lifestyle choices and other factors that may likely put an individual at risk for obesity. An individual’s genetic makeup, age, medical condition, environment, and social-economic status are also other risk factors associated with obesity and are trends seen throughout my community and across the United States. The obesity map shows data from 2013 that represents the percentage of adults eighteen years of age and older that are obese in the United States. The second map represents the 2013 percentage of adults eighteen years of age and older that are overweight. 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Marketing Project Free Essays

string(37) " ticket in order to enter PAN Arena\." The bookstore’s website can be found at http://shop. Bookstore. NCSC. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Du/. The online bookstore sells the same apparel found in the bookstore and offers delivery or pickup services for its products. The Go Pack online store can be found at http://kopeck. Escapologist. Com/store. CFML? Store_id=465. The Go Pack online store sells the same apparel found in the store and offers delivery services as well. Market Areas Sells To NC State basketball sells to several markets and attempts to segment their marketing. The organization concentrates its’ marketing locally in the Triangle. The total market area include: The Triangle of Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill The Western region of North Carolina The Coastal region Of North Carolina The Piedmont region of North Carolina Major North Carolina cities such as Charlotte and Greensboro The teams’ television broadcasts from the AC Network can be seen regionally across in the East Coast, in states that feature an AC school (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Virginia, etc. ) The team has over 50 radio affiliates in the state of North Carolina. All major North Carolina cities have an NC State radio affiliate, including Raleigh, Durham, Charlotte, Greensboro, Asheville, Winston-Salem and the Outer Banks area. Product/Service Being Marketed Description of Product/service The main product being marketed is tickets to NC State basketball home games. Ticket packages available to fans include: Full season tickets Lifetime seats Ledge Lounge Private Suites Champion’s Club Individual game tickets Group tickets (1 5+ people) Features and Capabilities The main focus of the product is the play that occurs during the game. The entertainment at a game include: On-court performance by the team. Halftime and timeout performances by various entertainment groups. Games n the video board, such as the â€Å"Kiss Cam†. Interaction on the concourse with other fans. Food and beverage needs provided by the concession stands or vendors. Full season ticket plans include tickets to each NC State home game, often at a cheaper price than just buying individual tickets for each game. Season ticket holders may also be eligible for special deals on the AC Tournament or NCAA Tournament tickets. Season ticket holders are automatically entered into a drawing in September in which they are eligible for prizes such as gift cards, autographed memorabilia and AC Tournament tickets. NC State offers incentives to other potential customers as well: Group tickets can be purchased at a discount off box office prices, as well as arranged seating in the same section and group recognition on the scoreboard. Other promotions for individual tickets, such as special â€Å"Black Friday’ offers, vary each season. Product/Service Life Cycle The life cycle is roughly 5-6 months per year. The regular season lasts from November-March and the conference and postseason tournaments such as the NCAA Tournament and National Invitation Tournament (NIT) can extend into late March-early April. Market of Product/Service Customers for Product/Service The primary customers are the fans: Dedicated basketball fans who follow the team game to game and frequently attend games. Interested fans who follow the team during the course of the season and often attend games. Fans who are aware of the team and will occasionally attend games. Fans who follow the team, but only watch the television broadcasts of the games and rarely attend games. Fans who are aware of the team and are interested in attending games. People who are not familiar with basketball but are aware of the NC State basketball team. For racketing tickets, the team first focuses on season ticket packages, which are marketed to: Families Individuals For individual games, the organization segments the market into: Small businesses Families College students Young adults Why Product/Service Needed The NC State basketball team is a member of the famous â€Å"Tobacco Road†, a place famous for its rich tradition in basketball. With the state of North Carolina itself having a large history in the sport, basketball is a traditional pastime for the locals, who usually become fans of the respective local teams. NC State itself has an outstanding tradition in basketball, as a founding ember Of the AC and holds two national titles. The school’s background in the sport provides great pride for NC State students, fans and alumni of the university and also creates a demand for basketball tickets and apparel. NC State men’s basketball functions as one of two â€Å"revenue sports† at the university (the other being football). This means that the team helps the athletic department produce a profit and provide funding for smaller â€Å"non- revenue† sports, such as tennis, volleyball, soccer, etc. NC State also participates with several charitable organizations, and they focus their efforts n four core areas: Fighting cancer Fighting hunger Supporting education Why Product/Service Needed (Cone. ) Military appreciation How product/Service Used Fans present their tickets to the ticket scanner when they enter PAN Arena and make their way to their seat to enjoy the game. College basketball games are two halves long, with each half lasting twenty minutes. If the game is tied after two halves, the game enters overtime, in which the teams engage in a brief, five minute period to see who scores more points. The teams continue overtime possessions until one team outscores the other. Other entertainment is provided during timeouts, thanks to performances by the NC State pep band, dance team and cheerleaders. Halftime performances vary throughout the year, but are also provided for games. Fans can watch games on multiple high-definition television channels. Channels include ESP., ASPEN, JSPELL, and the AC Digital Network Local fans can listen to NC State basketball on the radio at 101. *Channels vary outside of the Triangle area. A full list of radio channel affiliates for various cities and towns can be found here: http://www. kopeck. Com/multimedia/football-radio-affiliates. HTML When Product/Service Bought Tickets to games can be purchased prior to and throughout the college basketball season. NC State provides 4,500 tickets for its stud ent body. Students are not charged for tickets, but must have a valid student ID with their ticket in order to enter PAN Arena. You read "Marketing Project" in category "Marketing" For individual games: Tickets are on sale from early September until early March. Also dependent on if the Halfback makes a postseason tournament (NCAA or NIT). For season tickets: Season tickets must be purchased before September 15. There is no deadline to be entered into the random drawings for prizes, revived you purchase them before the September 15 deadline. If you are unable to attend a game for which you have season tickets for, NC State will allow you to transfer these tickets online to your family and friends for them to use. For group tickets: Group ticket packages are available for companies, school, team or any other kind of group of 15 or more people. Group ticket packages include: Discount off box office ticket prices (for select games). Block of seating in the same section (based on availability). Group recognition on the scoreboard (Optional). When Product/Service Bought (Cone. ) Customized flyers for promotion of your group outing (Optional). No individual ticket surcharge. For NCAA tournament tickets: NCAA ticket applications are first distributed to Halfback Club members Applications must be submitted by March 5 Halfback Club members have first priority on NCAA tickets, followed by the general public. Quantity limits on tickets vary based on location of sites and the current â€Å"round† Of the tournament the team is playing in (Regional, Final Four, etc. ). Product/Service position Competitors Offering Products/Services The NC State Halfback are one of four major NCAA basketball teams in the Tobacco Road† area. Duke University (Durham), Wake Forest University (Winston-Salem) and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill are the other three. Duke and UNC-CHI are located with NC State in the Triangle area. There is also competition with three professional sport franchises who operate during NC State’s basketball season. Carolina Panthers (NFG), Carolina Hurricanes (NIL) and Charlotte Bobcats (NAB) Competing Products/Services Features/Capabilities College basketball: Duke University 4 National Championships University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 5 National Championships Wake Forest University Final Four Appearance Professional Football: Carolina Panthers 5 NFG playoff appearances 1 Super Bowl Appearance Professional basketball: Charlotte Bobcats 1 NAB playoff appearance Professional ice hockey: Carolina Hurricanes 1 Stanley Cup Championship How Competing Products/Services Different NC State has one of the largest arenas in the country for college basketball, seating 19,772 fans. PAN Arena also holds the record the loudest noise record for an indoor sporting event. NC State is the only college basketball team in the Triangle region that shares its arena with a professional sports team Nil’s Carolina Hurricanes), making it a more attractive and modern stadium experience. Competing Products/Services Evaluations The AC is one of the nation’s most well known conferences in NCAA college basketball, which means we will see several highly ranked teams playing against NC State at PAN Arena. Attending a NC State basketball game IS usually less time-consuming than attending an NFG or NIL game. PAN Arena offers a wide variety of food and beverages that can be found on the concourse. There are 3,800 parking spots at PAN Arena and nearby Carter- Finley Stadium. The parking lot opens two and half-hours prior to the start of he game as well, making parking hassle free for the most part. Compared to individual and season tickets at Duke and UNC-CHI, NC State is much more affordable. All Products/Seen. Ices Market Share The NC State Halfback are one of three â€Å"major† NCAA schools in the Triangle area. The next closest major team outside of the Triangle is Wake Forest, which is 104 miles away. The closest professional basketball (NAB) team is the Ch arlotte Bobcats, who are 164 miles away. Product/Service Marketing Channels Current Product/Service Ma reeking Channels The main marketing channels used by NC State basketball include: Television AC Digital Network WRAP Internet http://www. kopeck. Com/sports/m-bask/NCSC-m-bask-body. HTML Social Media Twitter Faceable Youth anagram Radio Billboards Online editions of the newspaper: www. Newsreader. Mom Competitor(s) Marketing Channels The main marketing tools used by the competitors of NC State basketball include: Television Social Media Magazines Newspapers (Print and Online) Venue Sponsorship Advantages/Disadvantages of Current Channels Advantages The internet is the best source for tracking the return on investment (ROI) Fans can watch highlights of the team on http://win. Pack. Com/sports/m- bask/NCSC-m-bask;body. HTML or on the team’s Youth channel at HTTPS:// www. Youth. Com/channel/Soulfully-XpsnNfb2MU31UQ. Fans can visit the team website to learn about a vast amount O f information regarding the team. Fans can also purchase tickets online to see upcoming games.. Television raises awareness of the team and allows fans to watch the team from their homes. All of NC State’s games were aired on television this past season, including a visit from Aspen’s College Someday for the UNC-CHI game. Advantages/Disadvantages of Current Channels (Cone. ) Television coverage usually includes a prename, halftime and postages show. Social media allows the coaches and players to interact with fans. Allows coaches and players to talk â€Å"with fans† instead of â€Å"at them†. Fans feel more emotionally invested with the team thanks to this personal interaction. Radio allows fans to follow games if they can’t watch it on television. All basketball games are aired on radio thanks to current contract. Includes a prename and postages show. Fans can call in and ask questions/make comments about team during postages show. Billboards raise awareness of the team, make the basketball rand more recognizable. The online edition of the newspaper can be updated to show current news and final scores. Disadvantages It is difficult to quantify the ROI from television and radio. NC State basketball is not always televised on ESP. and as a result, does not receive as much exposure as larger markets. Billboards may not be as effective in the current technological age. Social media is usually used by the most dedicated fans. Players may come under criticism for making unprofessional remarks The program may alienate fans by ignoring questions on social media Those who only use the hardcopy of the newspaper will miss the most recent team news. How to cite Marketing Project, Essays Marketing Project Free Essays MKT 200: Group Project (Fall 2012) The group project will be in the form of BUSINESS REPORT of 4,000 – 6000 words. While the format may normally be a business report, it is important that you read the following carefully and in consultation with your faculty decide on the best format to use in the work. In Marketing there are no â€Å"model answers† to situations and thus there is not a single correct way of dealing with the topic that you choose. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now The distinction between a good answer and one that is not so good is in the analysis and clear response to the topic/s. In your report, provide justification for the solutions that you suggest. Choose any of the following: 1. CONSUMER PRODUCT: a new brand of toilet tissue, or an LED/LCD television 2. CONSUMER SERVICE: A hospital/a saloon/car service centre 3. BUSINESS TO BUSINESS PRODUCT: A new brand of computer Write business report for the one that you choose and outline the product/service (briefly) and identify the target market segment you are aiming at. Explain how you have segmented the market for this product and what products you are competing with. Set price for both the products and explain how you arrived at the price. In each case you need to differentiate your product from the competitors and explain how your products fit into the market (how they will be positioned). Explain how you arrived at the size of the market using material such as that available from government statistics bodies, industry reports etc. When selecting a package, a brand name, and a price, for example, you need to explain and justify your choice. Draw up a table showing the comparison of your product with others in terms of package, size, price, and any other significant differences. Write your report as if it was a report you were submitting to a marketing manager. Note the requirements regarding use of journal articles – these do not have to be specific to your product but may be general marketing topics related to those you are discussing. KEY ISSUES 1. A group of four to five students to be formed; 2. Day of submission and presentation – last week of the semester (your instructor will announce the same in the class); 3. Brain storming is critical and the work to be done in the class in groups with the help of your instructor. NOTES ON WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS 1. All written submissions should be typed, DOUBLE-SPACED, on one side only of A4 (210mmX297mm) white paper. Allow a minimum of 2. 5 cm (1†) on left, right, top and bottom margins. Hand written submissions, or submissions typed on colored paper will not be accepted. Inferior quality dot-matrix printers and faded, overused printer ribbons should be avoided. 2. Assignment should have a separate cover page that should state the title of the project, the name and number of the student, and the name of the faculty. There should also be a separate page for table of contents. Copy of the assignment submitted should be retained by the student. 3. Pages should be numbered, and the entire document should be securely stapled in the top left corner. If preferred, assignments may be bound using a plastic comb or a heat-seal binding system. Assignments will not be accepted with each page enclosed in a clear plastic envelope. How to cite Marketing Project, Essay examples

British Petroleum UK Business Organisations

Question: Scenario: The UK business environment remains positive, forward-looking and one of the most attractive places open for business in Europe. The UK government is committed to creating a supportive business environment that encourages a private-sector-led economic growth. According to the World Bank ranking, the UK is one of the easiest places to set up and run a business in Europe, and more overseas companies have their European headquarters in the UK than in France and Germany put together. Today, the UK is the worlds sixth-largest economy and one of the worlds top ten manufacturers (six of the worlds top ten vehicle makers are based in the UK). It is also the worlds second-largest services exporter (after the U.S.) and the worlds sixth- largest trading nation. Green industries are at the forefront of the UK government development initiatives, making it one of the leading global players in wind energy and the development of offshore wind. More opportunities are reflected in UKs low-carbon solutions, engineering design, cost consulting, education, research development, financial and professional services. British competitiveness remains forward-looking through lowering of corporate tax rate and investing in infrastructure development. The UK governments current strategy is based on key themes that include: attracting investment to the UK; strengthening the multilateral trading system; enabling developing countries to benefit from trade and investment as well as identifying and maximising the benefits offered by the opportunities for UK businesses to trade and invest. As a result, the UK is among the top three destinations globally for inward investment. The UK Trade Investment continues to support high-growth and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), while strongly encouraging them to export and seize opportunities in high-growth and emerging markets - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Outside of the UK national environment, the government continues working to expand the EU single market, defending the multilateral trading systems, helping the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to defend protectionism, supporting the European Commission in negotiating ambitious free trade agreements while working with businesses to identify and remove regulatory barriers to trade and investment. [Adapted from Danny Lopez (2011) UK Business Environment: Positive and Forward-Looking, The Metropolitan Corporate Counsel Special Report, UK Trade Investment)] Based on your knowledge and understanding of the Business Environment module, your role is to produce a report that can be used to provide advice to a company of your choice on how it can survive in changing and highly competitive UK local, national and global business environments. 1. Discuss how market forces shape the way in which your chosen organisation responds in the business environment in which it operate? 2. Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organisations? 3. Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organisations? 4. Evaluate the impact of European Union (EU) policies on UK business organisations? Answers: 1. Market forces play an important role towards the development and success of any business making it important for the manufacture to observe the aspects closely. To better understand this strategy and how it can be used to deliver on consumer demands, British petroleum shall be taken as an example. British petroleum has grown to become among the largest Petroleum m distributors globally and the company has achieved this by delivering high quality petroleum products. Today British petroleum refiners and sells all petroleum available on the market but the company also offers a wide verity of qualities within each of the products thus catering to people of different budgets. The company is also constantly developing new petroleum products and improving each to deliver higher quality products to keep the brand competitive in the market. Product quality has grown to become an important force linked to retaining customers since they have a wide verity of choices to select from and this makes them compare products more aggressively. British petroleum therefor works hard towards ensuring their product meet the highest quality standards and deliver on consumer expectations. Price is another important aspect linked to any products competitiveness and success in the market. British petroleum may be the biggest Petroleum Company globally but the company has also emphasised on delivering fair prices to its consumers even when petroleum products are governed internationally. Product price plays and immense role towards brand market capital success since consumers are always looking to save money on all their purchases including petroleum products. An example of this can be observed among the wide verity of petroleum products offered by British petroleum (Miles, 1992). The company has developed all types of lubrication to cater for a; consumers. In addition to this factor, British petroleum also offers a huge verity of products within each category which cost differently resulting in lubricants affordable by each consumer. 2. Significance of the global factors that shape UK national business activities The United Kingdom remains as the most attractive destination to start a business due to the many benefits associated to the UK. The UK offers the most attractive terms linked to opening new businesses and encourages investors to starting their own businesses in the nation. Low Taxation and the ability to get funding to start new businesses in the UK all contributeimmensely towards investor sentiment.This is because 90 of all UK based businesses are classified as small and cottage industry. This makes it important for the investor or entrepreneur to have attractive terms linked to the region they start the business so as to improve the chances of success which would ultimately result in benefiting the host nation. But on the other hand this strategy tends to work with certain products and not all especially the petroleum processing sector. To remain competitive in the market and deliver products for affordable prices British petroleum must turn to manufacturing purchasing the petroleum from cheaper sources and using state of the art equipment to refine the petroleum. This helps lower the manufacturing, material and labour costs thus ensuring the products remain competitive on the international market. Unlike most other products which can be manufactured in other regions petroleum must be shipped in its raw state so as to be refined in the destination country The UK may offer attractive benefits to their citizen or resident investors but the region does offer some challenges linked to inflated product costs due to the Sterling pound having a high currency value. This results in the value of the products being manufactured in the UK to cost high making them non-competitive in the international market. 3. Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organisations Globalization is gripping and affecting every global market in different ways. While globalization is proving to be highly beneficial for certain global markets such h as China and India, its having a negative effect in once major global industrial players. This is observed clearly in the UK iron are industry which has virtually ceased operation due developingcountries like China ability to supply the UK with iron ore for almost half the cost of mining it in the UK. This makes the mining for the UKs iron of too expensive despite the nation having its own depositsresulting in the collapse of the industry. Besidesproduct competitiveness there are other aspects such as climate and environmental concerns, competition from emerging economies (BRICKS) and natural disasters, war and conflict. Each of this aspect has its own effecting on each of the UK business organisations thus making each one require close assist. These factors not only affect the UKS businesses organisation but also internationally based organisations and businesses such as Samsung which does the majority of its manufacturing in ASIA. This is directly associated to the lower manufacturing costs in Asia but certain of the factors also greatly affect the brands market position in certain regions. Although companies like British petroleum are present across the globe and continue growing due to the increasing demand for the petroleum products some regions continue to pose expansion problems. British petroleum is experiencing this problem in Africa where certain African nations remain untapped due to constant conflict in those nations. Somalia, SouthernSudan, the Congo and several other countries in the region remain undeveloped due to war and conflict making that market inviable for British petroleum establishes their businesses. 4. Evaluate the impact of European Union (EU) policies on UK business organisations The EU plays and important part towards influencing the business and investment opportunities in the UK thus making the EU and direct facilities towards investment opportunities. Due to the UK being located within the EU its important for the regulations the be regulated so as to offer fair opportunity to all nations in the region and failing to deliver fair business opportunities and regulations could lead to seriously affecting business operation in the UK (Aldrich, 2007). Some policies which would require regulation to maintain business competitiveness include: Employment Policies Employment opportunities in the EU and UK are abundant and see large number of skill professionals applying to visit Europe on work visa with the sole intention of seeking employment. But the regulations differ considerably in the EU and UK thus resulting in the UK employment costing more than most EU nation. This is due to strict limitations linked to hiring immigrant who require fulfilling many professional and financial requirements before entering the UK while in most other EU nations work visas are relatively simple and cheap to acquire (Cashore, 2002). Education and training policies A major source of employment in many countries like the UK comes from students undergoing their education but working during their free time or as training programs. The UK limits the number of hours the students can work while they are mainly unregulatedin most EU nations. This results in employment wages reducing considerably in EU nations as compared to the UK which also affects the UK business environment in a negative manner. International Trade Policies The EU allows for most members to trade freely between each other resulting in a regulated form of trade, taxation and distribution across the EU. With the UK, regulation is different as the nation is not part of the EU thus triggeringseveral trade policies with its European counterparts. This result in import and other taxes further increasing the UKs export Product to the EU and other nations. All these factors play a huge role in the international market today since the consumer has grown very cautiousregarding price and quality. Unlike the past when products made in the UK were said to be the best, consumer have realizedthat even developing nations deliver high quality products. It has even reached an extent that most EU, UK and USA companies are not manufacturing in Asia and still delivering quality but at much more competitive prices. References: Aldrich, H. (2007).Organizations and environments. Stanford University Press. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Snow, C. C., Miles, R. E. (1992). Causes for failure in network organizations.California management review,34(1), 53-57. Knight, G. (2000). Entrepreneurship and marketing strategy: The SME under globalization.Journal of International Marketing,8(2), 12-32. Cashore, B. (2002). Legitimacy and the privatization of environmental governance: How nonstate marketdriven (NSMD) governance systems gain rulemaking authority.Governance,15(4), 503-529.

The Rage Against Trade By The New York Times Editorial Board Example For Students

The Rage Against Trade By The New York Times Editorial Board This opinion piece written by the New York Times editorial board analyzes the two major presidential candidates positions on international trade deals, primarily President-elect Donald Trump’s proposed isolationist policies. The article examines the increasingly common perception among the American public that trade agreements such as NAFTA and the TPP are responsible for causing economic hardships due to prioritizing global interests over American interests. The writers of this article oppose this view and present evidence to refute it. The authors have a liberal viewpoint on this issue and are pro-free trade, however they do concede that there are certain issues that need to be resolved as a result of these trade agreements. They disagree with Trump, viewing his statements as â€Å"nothing more than hot air†. The article sets out to dispel some common myths about international free trade deals and also takes a look at the development of the anti-free trade sentiment i n the United States over the years. We will write a custom essay on The Rage Against Trade By The New York Times Editorial Board specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Clinton currently opposes the TPP, however in the past she has praised it and called it the â€Å"gold standard† of international trade deals (Memoli). She seems to have shifted her views during the Democratic primaries against Bernie Sanders, who opposed the TPP his entire campaign, putting into question her true viewpoint. Meanwhile, Trump has consistently railed against international trade deals since the 1980s, when he criticized the US for importing more from Japan than they export. He also criticized NAFTA as it was being passed in 1993 and criticizes China for its trade practices. Trump’s opposition to trade deals seems to primarily stem from two main factors: loss of American manufacturing jobs to overseas countries and trade deficits with other countries. Clinton on the other hand believes that the benefits of free trade agreements outweigh the cons, and that these deals save American consumers money when they buy goods. Trump believes in protectionist policies and has a realist view on trade, believing in increasing the US’s power over it’s own economy and promoting it’s own self-interests. Trump often talks about â€Å"bringing back jobs† to the US, primarily in manufacturing and the auto industry. Trump’s views seem to focus on protecting and defending American interests. Clinton supports a liberalist view of free trade, economic interdependence, and a global marketplace where states can trade with each other for mutual benefit rather than just the benefit of the United States. Trade deals have been a scapegoat for America’s economic problems for quite some time. As has already been mentioned Donald Trump was speaking out against Japanese trade practices as early as the 1980s and continues to do so today. One of his main concerns was their mass importing of cars and home electronics to the United States while the US exported far less. â€Å"When was the last time you saw a Chevrolet in Tokyo?† was a statement by Trump in his announcement that he was running for President, commentating on the fact that Japanese car brands such as Toyota are extremely popular in the US while Ford and Chevrolet have lackluster sales in the Japanese market. Japan mainly relied on producing their own goods over the years and has maintained a relatively closed market compared to other great economic powers. In 2015, the US trade deficit with Japan was $68.9 billion (â€Å"Foreign Trade† Census.gov). Trump also criticizes the US’s dealings with China, w hom the US had a $367 billion dollar trade deficit with last year (â€Å"Foreign Trade.† Census.gov). From a realist point of view, this makes it look like the US’s best interests are not being served. It appears China and Japan are benefitting far more due to the fact they import far less American products than the United States imports from them. From a realist perspective, these countries are gaining more in terms of relative gains and increasing in power, going against the fundamental realist goal of preventing other states from gaining an advantage in a relationship. A liberal may argue that these deals benefit both countries and are beneficial in several ways. For example, importing goods from overseas provides cheaper goods to the American consumer due to less material cost and lower wages for overseas workers. Buying goods from Japan and building the country up economically increases American sphere of influence into East Asia by having a powerful ally in Japan act as a potential deterrent against China, North Korea, and Russia. Another argument is that economic cooperation with China improves relations between both countries, lowering the likelihood of a conflict to arise. As China’s economic power increases and the gap between them and the US’s spot at the top of the world hegemony decreases, there is so me concern that China might become more aggressive and become the dominant power. The liberal viewpoint is that if economic cooperation and collaboration exists between the two nations rather than hostility and competition, conflict is less likely to occur. If Trump were to impose tariffs, China would likely retaliate and it would result in a trade war. This would sever relations between the two countries and likely cause harm to both. .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 , .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .postImageUrl , .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 , .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07:hover , .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07:visited , .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07:active { border:0!important; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07:active , .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07 .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u06e616e2caef92dc00d828abd62ebd07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Rhetorical Analysis of Editorial, â€Å"the Effects of Violence in Children’s Cartoons†The two specific trade deals that have been mentioned often this election cycle are the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). NAFTA was a contentious issue ever since negotiations began under President George H.W. Bush in 1990. The bill took 4 years to pass and the main goal was to eliminate trade barriers between the three major North American powers: Canada, the US, and Mexico. NAFTA addressed several key economic issues regarding tariffs, intellectual property, and agricultural regulation. However, the American population were concerned this agreement would lead to more outsourcing and a greater dependence on foreign goods. Third party presidential candidate Ross Perot gained a large amount of popularity in the 1992 election primarily for his opposition to NAFTA and his America-first economic nationalist stance. American nationalism and patriotism is deeply embedded in the national consciousness, as is a sense of American exceptionalism. A large portion of Americans want to see their country do well and â€Å"be the best†, and they view their country as superior to other nations of the world. Trade deficits are often used as a populist political tool to rile up the patriotic masses, as politicians often point to them as an example of the US getting ripped off or taken advantage of. This could tie into constructivism as these attitudes seem to be about protecting American identity/interests more than anything. Certain portions of the American electorate aren’t particularly well-informed on the intricacies of economics or world trade and see trade as more of an â€Å"us vs. them† economic showdown or competition where the US is losing. Explaining economic policy in greater detail would likely go over the heads of most voters, as there are certain nuances in trade deals that require an academic background in either economics or world politics to fully understand. For example, according to a survey of prospective voters conducted by Harvard and Politico, 70% of those surveyed had no idea what the specifics of the TPP were or hadn’t read anything about it. Of the remaining 30% who were aware of the agreement, 63% were against it. (â€Å"Americans Views on Current Trade and Health Policies† Politico.com). The TPP and NAFTA are deals based upon the liberal philosophy of free trade and the goals are to remove as many barriers to free trade as possible in a globalized economy. Part of the opposition seems to stem from an anti-globalization attitude that is becoming increasingly common. That doesn’t mean there isn’t debate between economists on the effectiveness of these trade deals, however the pro-free trade position is the most commonly supported one. One of the unique aspects of the protectionist anti-free trade position is it’s support from both sides of the political spectrum. Both left-wing and right-wing politicians have spoken out against trade deals in the past. An example of this is in the current election with Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump both voicing opposition to NAFTA and TPP. This shows that it’s a popular viewpoint with a large number of Americans regardless of party affiliation. According to a survey conducted in March by the Pew Research Center, 53% of Republican voters believe free trade agreements have had a negative impact on the US economy. While the majority of Democratic voters according to that same survey believe free trade agreements have been positive for the US, Sanders supporters have a more negative view compared to Clinton supporters. Republican support for free trade deals has declined dramatically from May 2015, when 53% believed they had a positive impact. (â€Å"Views on Economy, Government Services, Trade.† Pew Research Center). According to the Harvard-Politico survey, 54% of Democrats surveyed believe free trade has lost more domestic jobs than it has created, compared to 66% of Independents and 85% of Republicans. .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b , .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .postImageUrl , .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b , .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b:hover , .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b:visited , .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b:active { border:0!important; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b:active , .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8046d3b3e5ed5f37ec2ec6600768bf8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Content Analysis : Using Content Based On The Impressions Of A ReaderNAFTA was ratified in 1994 and has been in effect for 22 years now, more than enough time to properly assess its impact on the economy. A 2015 report by the Congressional Research Service summarizes the effect of NAFTA as â€Å"relatively modest†, neither causing the â€Å"huge job losses feared by critics† or â€Å"large economic gains predicted by supporters.† (The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Congressional Research Services). One of the main concerns of NAFTA was the fear of losing manufacturing jobs to outsourcing. NAFTA is often used as a scapegoat for the loss of manufacturing jobs in the US. According to the op-ed, manufacturing jobs have been declining across the world as â€Å"the number of manufacturing jobs fell by 34 percent in Japan, 31 percent in the United States and 25 percent in Germany† (U.S. Manufacturing in International Perspective. Congressional Research Services), showing that there may be more to the issue than just NAFTA. Rather than any trade deal causing the loss of jobs, it’s more likely that automation and lower wages overseas have had a bigger impact. Development of new technology causes a gradual shift in the jobs available. For example, the American economy used to rely a lot more on agriculture. There were more farms and a larger amount of people living in rural areas. In 1870, 50% of the population consisted of people working in the agriculture industry (Daly). As of 2014, the number is now 1.4% (Employment by Major Industry Sector. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ). The manufacturing industry is s imilar to the agricultural industry in terms of decline. Both the farming and manufacturing sectors have had to deal with new technology becoming available to accomplish these tasks more efficiently. This can be proven by the fact that more factories are actually moving back to the US in the past 2 years. Output is increasing. Despite this, the amount of manufacturing jobs isn’t growing as most of these jobs are being done by automation (Cheng). Trade agreements don’t seem to be the culprit as much as new technology and a shifting of priorities in the current economy. The United States has shifted largely to a service-based economy, with 80% of the workforce being in the service sector (Employment by Major Industry Sector. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ). As many American blue-collar workers are finding it increasingly difficult to make a living due to the changing economy, free trade has become a target of vitriol. Protectionist, realist attitudes toward trade are becoming increasingly popular among the American electorate. Donald Trump’s stated policies during his presidential campaign seem to line up with this perspective. Trump has talked about renegotiating NAFTA and the TPP and imposing tariffs on Chinese imports. Trump has also made vague promises about bringing back American manufacturing jobs. The op-ed disagrees with his stance. Further analysis shows that free trade is not the primary cause of the loss of these jobs, and much of the disagreement stems from populist anger more than anything. Manufacturing jobs have been declining around the world due to various other factors, primarily automation and changing technology.

The Insider ( Singapore Internationals Success Secret)

The Insider ( Singapore Internationals Success Secret) Free Online Research Papers In cost leadership strategy, an organization sets out to become the low cost producer in its industry. The sources of cost advantage are varied and depend on the structure of the industry. They may include the pursuit of economies of scale, proprietary technology, preferential access to raw materials and other factors. First with Singapore International Airlines(SIA). There’s something unique about Singapore Airlines. Over the past four decades, it has earned a stellar reputation in the fiercely competitive commercial aviation business by providing customers with high-quality service and dominating the business-travel segments. What’s not so well known is that despite the quality of its services, SIA is also one of the industry’s most cost-effective operators. From 2001 to 2009, its costs per available seat kilometer (ASK) were just 4.58 cents. According to a 2007 International Air Transport Association study, costs for full-service European airlines were 8 to 16 cents, for U.S. airlines 7 to 8 cents, and for Asian airlines 5 to 7 cents. In fact, SIA had lower costs than most European and American budget carriers, which ranged from 4 to 8 cents and 5 to 6 cents respectively. It’s intriguing that SIA has combined the supposedly incompatible strategies of differentiation- which it pursues through service excellence and continuous innovation- and cost leadership. Few enterprises have executed a dual strategy profitably; indeed, management experts such as Michael Porter argue that it’s impossible to do so for a sustained period since dual strategies entail contradictory investments and organizational processes. Yet pursuing dual strategy SIA has exceled beyond ordinary. As it were, one of the underlying forces of threat of entry can be high and if there seems to be a drastic move from the new entrants, the incumbents can fight back by cutting prices or further differentiating products and services, but it’s often a losing battle. Price wars typically hurt leaders more than they do challengers, and relentless differentiation is tough to sustain. Adopting a dual strategy is often the only choice. No company executes a dual strategy better than SIA. The airline has delivered healthy financial returns since its founding, in 1972, never posting an annual loss. It has almost no debt, and except for its initial capitalization, it has funded growth through retained earnings while executes a dual strategy by managing four paradoxes: providing service excellence cost-effectively; innovating in both a centralized and a decentralized manner; being a technology leader and a follower; and achieving standardization and personalization in its processe s. SIA’s self-reinforcing system is difficult to imitate, yielding sustainable competitive advantage. As we shall see in the following lines, the dual strategy has become part of the airline’s organizational DNA over the years. SIA has two main assets- planes and people- and it manages them so that its service is better than rivals’ and its costs are lower. Unlike other airlines, SIA ensures that its fleet is always young. For instance, in 2009, its aircraft were 74 months old, on average- less than half the industry average of 160 months. This triggers a virtuous cycle: Because mechanical failures are rare, fewer takeoffs are delayed, more arrivals are on time, and fewer flights are canceled. New planes are more fuel efficient and need less repair and maintenance: In 2008, repairs accounted for 4% of SIA’s total costs compared with 5.9% for United Air Lines and 4.8% for American Airlines. SIA’s aircraft spend less time in hangars- which means more time in the air: 13 hours, on average, per day versus the industry average of 11.3 hours. And, of course, customers like newer planes better.Service is mostly about people, so SIA invests heavily in training employees. It schools it s fresh recruits for four months- twice as long as the industry average of eight weeks- and spends around $70 million a year to put each of its 14,500 employees through 110 hours of retraining annually. The training includes courses on deportment, etiquette, wine appreciation, and cultural sensitivity. SIA’s cabin crews are trained to interact with Japanese, Chinese, and American passengers in different ways. Trainees learn to appreciate subtle issues, such as communicating at eye level rather than â€Å"talking down† to passengers think about that!. The superior service that results not only delights customers but also reduces costs by minimizing customer turnover.Recently Mr Pillay shared the success secrets that had made SIA one of the most admired airlines in the world. It also boasts the biggest market capitalisation for any airline company in the world. The guiding premise or organising principle of the company (during its formation in 1972) was self reliance, o r accountability, and full discretion (to management)and it is important to note as opposed to many outsiders that from the outset, the government stipulated no financial aid to SIA. Period! Investment for expansion, yes. But no subsidy, direct or indirect. SIA had to attain cruising speed on its own, or stall. Mr Pillay, who is also the chairman of the Singapore Exchange, cautioned that SIAs success, despite government equity control, was unique. That the government being a huge shareholder but still that has no bearing on how SIA is being startegically managed. The odds are stacked, heavily, against companies tinged with government ownership. SIA is one of the few exceptions. The decisive factor is accountability, and associated authority conditions not customarily found in government companies, with the exception of Singapore.He added that while good companies exist in jurisdictions with dodgy governance practices, the odds were stacked against those exceptions. Mr Pillay summed up his speech by underlining five key factors for corporate success, be it an airline or any other entity. First, every board is bound to recognise its total accountability to shareholders for the fortunes of the corporation. Second, the board and management should enjoy unfettered authority to guide the destiny of the company. Third, lines of command and control within a company must be unambiguous, to reinforce accountability at all levels. Fourth, everything else being equal, the governance and fortunes in a company from the private sector tend to be superior than they are in a government company. Fifth, the standard of governance in society is a crucial determinant of governance and performance. Since its official formation dating back to 1947, Singapore Airlines have founded its business on world-class service quality in the airline industry. Such a reputation is built on core aspects of the airlines service delivery which includes features like the friendly service, prompt flights and in-flight entertainment system. As consumers, we only see these final outcomes and therefore, often forget that these qualities are a product of much planning, trial and of course teamwork. The efficient, continuous use of teams throughout the business is a fundamental tool in which Singapore airlines is able to deliver `quality to its customers. More specifically it is the way that the team operates and the values instilled within those teams that make them so effective. Research Papers on The Insider ( Singapore International's Success Secret)Never Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operation Management - Essay Example The performance of a company includes both operational and financial aspects of a company and the characteristics of the five objectives of performance management are concerned with both the aspects. The operations strategies of a company primarily focus on meeting the expectations of its customers but it can also be used to identify strengths and weaknesses of a company. The companies make strategies to improve their identified weaknesses to be competitive in the market (Al-Darrab, 2000). The five characteristics of performance objectives The five characteristics of performance objectives are: Speed: it is concerned with the delivery of product or service by the company. Quality: it is concerned with meeting the perceptions of the customers about the quality of the product or the service of the company. Cost: it is concerned with the price of the product or the service for the customers and the internal cost of production involved. Dependability: it is concerned with the stability o f the processes involved in delivering products and services on time. Flexibility: it is concerned with the ability of the company in reacting towards the changes in demand and requirement of both – the customers and the business. ... while external cost applies to price of the product to customers (Slack, 2010). McDonald’s operations strategy and five characteristics of performance objectives Since 2001, many significant changes have been introduced in operations strategy of McDonald’s and it evolved primarily around four characteristics of performance objectives - speed, dependability, cost and quality. Though it cannot be said that the flexibility was ignored by the company, it was only less preferred. Externally, McDonald’s ensured fast delivery of its quality products at affordable cost to its customers and internally it made strategies to ensure a dependable delivery system, reducing labor and operation costs to make the products cost effective without compromising with the quality. McDonald’s evaluates its performance in speed on the parameters such as the query time of customers, lead-time of orders, delivery- frequency and the time required for throughput. McDonald’s als o ensures the dependability by evaluating its performance on the parameters such as number of orders not delivered on time, average deviation time from the scheduled arrival time, the ratio of stock of products and average time of late delivery of orders. The cycle time operations strategy of the company depends on efficient HR resources and it has ensured it by adhering to the principle ‘The result is done by a man†. The company believes that strength of an organization depends on its human resources and the performance of the organization can only improve with the improved performance of its human resource (Bertrand and Fransoo, 2002). KFC’s operations strategy and five characteristics of performance objectives Being the largest chain of chicken

Child pschyology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Child pschyology - Research Paper Example d psychology mainly studies the mental and cognitive processes and other factors that combine to give meaning to how a child reacts and use that information to improve parenting, health, education, mental hygiene and other areas devoted to child benefits. Child psychology thus enables us to understand the behavior of children. To understand the child behavior we, therefore, need to consider the child and his or her environment as an arrangement of correlating variables. Viewing behavior, or in fact any set of data in its entirety, in context has been labeled by many analysts as a field (Einstein, 1933; Kohler, 1925; Lewin, 1954). Context is generally defined as the circumstances that surround a particular situation. A child’s growth and development depends on the environmental as well as personal variables that make up the context. For example, the personal variables for a class of kindergarten children may include their genders, age, nature and upbringing; whereas the environmental variables may include the aspects of the surrounding in which the adult and children interact, such as the physical characteristics of the classroom (Parke & Gauvain, 2009; Fishbein, 1984). At later stages in a child’s life these environmental factors have a much larger scope and include factors such as social interactions, gatherings and the culture in which (s)he lives. All these factors eventually have a great influence on how a child grows. The culture in which a child lives shapes up the values and beliefs which give a special meaning to the observable elements of behavior, customs and artifacts. Beneath these values and beliefs lie the foundational idea that are called shared assumptions. These assumptions influence the behavior of children and play a great role in developing their perception. The socioeconomic level of people is influenced by many factors including their family background, education, job status, and their nationality. Children rose in families with a high

Cyber Security, Cyber Crime and Cyber Forensic Assignment

Cyber Security, Cyber Crime and Cyber Forensic - Assignment Example Curbing digital crime can be overwhelming if the agencies involved do not acquire appropriate training for the job. This initiative is likely to be a costly one but since it is bound to ripe digital security then it is a priceless initiative worth taking (Santanam & Sethumadhavan, 2011). Moreover, trained personnel without the necessary equipment for the job are another inhibiting factor to the agencies’ efforts to eradicate digital crime. Ill-equipped agencies are likely to underperform since tracking down cybercrimes is likely to be impossible. The independent nature of these agencies limits their access to government support. Agencies need to have certain resources; human resource and capital for smooth operation. These essential resources must be availed to the agency on time so as to avoid disrupting its operation. Therefore the independent nature of these agencies inhibits the acquisition of this vital resource thus undermining their operation (Finklea & Theohary, 2013). The federal government agencies have the mandate to combat computer crimes. This is a well-organized agency which possesses the necessary expertise and efficient technology to combat digital crimes at the national level. The federal agency has thus created special sections within this organization so as to aid in combating this type of crime, these sections include: The secret service – this division has been created by the agency to fight computer crimes. It has been mandated to enforce the following responsibilities in relation to computer crime: (1) the section is mandated to identify frauds in financial institutions. (2) Investigation of digitals crimes that concern the federal interest. The department of justice – this department is chaired by the attorney general who is charged with the mandate to represent the state in matters that desire a legal approach. He also offers advisory services to the president.  

Universal Characters Of Human Rights

Universal Characters Of Human Rights One of the most essential characteristics of human rights is universality. The concept of universality has been analyzed, discussed, and used in several contexts and different ways by various scholars. This argument gives rise to the debate between realists and nominalists. The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary simply defines the word universal (universus) as a general term or concept having universal effect or application at all times and in all places. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the word universal means a quality or property which each individual member of a class of things must possess. It further explains that universals are the qualities of individual things, or particulars. For example, the quality of redness (a universal) is possessed by all red objects (which are particulars). However, in other ways universals are quite unlike particulars. For example, redness, unlike red objects, cannot be picked up.  [1]   Michael J. Loux underlines that in metaphysics, a universal is what particular things have in common, namely characteristics or qualities. He analyses three major kinds of qualities or characteristics of universality basing on realists view: i) types or kinds to which things belong (e.g. mammal); ii) properties which they possess (e.g. short, strong); and iii) relations into which they enter (e.g. father of, next to). These are all different types of universal. It is known as shared entitles universals.  [2]  For St. Thomas Aquinas, the word universal can be considered in two ways: the universal nature may be considered together with the intention of universality viz. the relation of one and the same to many; the universal can be considered in the nature itself, for stance, animality or humanity as existing in the individual.  [3]   The Catechism of the Catholic Church uses the word universal in the sense of according to the totality or in keeping with the whole.  [4]  Hence, each particular Church is universal to which all men are called and belong in different ways.  [5]   Human rights advocates maintain that if human rights are the rights that belong to everyone regardless of sex, race, color or religion, simply because one is a human being, then they are universal by definition itself. It clearly states in the article one of UDHR: all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Mary Ann Glendon, the author of The World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, notes: The title universal meant that the declaration was morally binding on everyone, and not only on the governments that voted for its adoption. The universal declaration, in other words, was not an international or intergovernmental document; it was addressed to all humanity and founded on a unified conception of the human being.  [6]   In his work on The Future of Human Rights, Upendra Baxi places the concept of universality in a Hegalian context. For Hegel, the combination of universality and particularity is already implicit in the moment of abstract universality, in the same way as a tree trunk and branches are implicit in a seed. So, referring to Hegels method, Baxi uses the synthesis of abstract universality and abstract particularity which brings about concrete universality so that we may understand the concept of universality of human rights more easily. He logically connects Hegalian method with the concept of universal human rights by distinguishing three moments: first, the UDHR is addressed to every human being; it is the objective movement of abstract universality; second, it is particularized by the series of norms such as workers rights, womens rights, rights of children, or right to life; third, the concrete universality can be achieved where rights and man meet in his life.  [7]  However, nomina lists do not agree with realists idea about the concept of universality and conceptualists accept it partly. Objection of Universality The question of whether universals exist is a tricky logical one. The rationalists believe that universals are real and they exist independently, whereas the nominalists believe that all that is real is particular, and therefore, universals are just words which at best apply to resemblances among real things. The conceptualists believe that universals exist as concepts. Antifoundationalists  [8]  argue that Universal human rights are simply impossible because what counts as human and as rights belonging to humans, are context-bound and tradition-dependent. There is no transcultural fact or being that may be called human to which universal human rights may be attached.  [9]   And yet, there are still various objections to the concept of human rights as universal. In her article History of Universal Human Rights up to WW2, Moira Rayner denies the idea of human rights as universal although she maintains that human rights are rights possessed by people simply because they are human beings. She says, The idea of human rights is not universal it is essentially the product of 17th and 18th century European thought and even the idea of rights does not necessarily exist in every society or advanced civilization. Universal human rights are, historically, the flower of what was originally a European plant.  [10]   For Blair Gibb, human rights are not necessarily universal because he argues that the rights established by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights may not be applied to all nations. He then points out that even those nations that have singed it, and in practice they still have limitations and difficulties to realize them fully in their own territories. Furthermore, he argues that the UDHR pushes western values that are not always agreeable to eastern nations. He gives an example that civil or political rights such as the right to criticize the government openly or complete freedom of opinion and expression, threaten cohesive Asian societies. For him, the UDHR is a bit idealistic and it is better applied more to developed nations than developing nations.  [11]   According to Raimundo Panikkar,  [12]  the concept of human rights is a Western conception and it is not a universal concept.  [13]  However, he does not mean that we should abandon the responsibility of declaring or enforcing human rights. He accepts that human rights can bring an authentic human life in this contemporary world and the defense of human rights is a sacred duty. For him, no concept as such is universal. Each concept is valid primarily where it was conceived.  [14]  To put it in the other way, although the word God is universally used in all contexts of world religions, its concept is different from one another, because humankind presents a plurality of universal discourses. Panikkar believes that there should be at least two conditions to be fulfilled in order to make the concept of human rights become universally valid: (i) it should eliminate all the other contradictory concepts and (ii) it should be the common point of reference for any problem regardin g human dignity.  [15]   In order to clarify the debate on whether human rights are universal or not, the 1993 Vienna Declaration reaffirms the universal character of human rights as follow: All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated.  [16]   The Vienna Declaration invites the international community to treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis; and to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms. At the opening ceremony of the World Conference on Human Rights in1993, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, emphasizes on the important of the common essence of universality and underlines how human rights are necessarily to be common standard for all members of the international community. He invites the international communities to go beyond ones own culture and values in order to realize the true meaning of human rights in ones life, as he states, The human rights that we proclaim and seek to safeguard can be brought about only if we transcend ourselves, only if we make a conscious effort to find our common essence beyond our apparent divisions, our temporary differences, our ideological and cultural barriers.  [17]   Human Rights as a Common Language of Humanity Generally people accept that human rights are the product of history and they are born from historical events. The word right exists sine ancient time. In history, Egyptian, Geek, Roman and the like were known as great lawmakers who published codex of various laws and established series of rights and duties. The worlds religions such as Judaism, Hinduism, Christianity and Buddhism, have also established moral codes of conducts based on divine law or teaching in order to protect the rightful behavior of the people so that there might be peace in human society. These principles and laws are generally based on human dignity and concerned with responsibilities of man to his fellow men, to governors, to the nature, to God and to the whole creation. Then, as time passes by, the constant changing world has been always shaping social system and political order, sweeping away old regimes, old rivalries and old obstacles and replacing them with new system and ideas. Autocracy decreases and dem ocracy increases. Awareness of ones won rights and freedom is stronger and stronger. The people learn from the failures of the past and look for a better and peaceful society. The age of colonization is a good example to point out how the language of human rights is extended to the oppressed people. In that period, there were some human rights advocates who defended for the rights of indigenous people. For example: Bartolome De Las Casas (1484-1566), Spanish historian and Dominican missionary in the Americans, opposed the oppression of the Indian by European and called for the abolition of Indian slavery.  [18]  He defended against the ill treatment of native peoples by the Spanish colonists and advocated before King Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor on behalf of rights for the natives. His intentions are: to stop the suppression of all encomienda  [19]  ; to liberate the Indians from all forms of slaves; to restore the ancient Indian states and rulers; and to have the rightful owners of those lands.  [20]   Francisco de Vitoria (1485-1546), Spanish theologian, was best known for his defense of the rights of the Indians of the New World against Spanish colonists and for his ideas of the limitations of justifiable warfare. He was also known as one of international law pioneers because he contributed the theory of just war and international law.  [21]   Anthropologists such as Sally Engle Merry presume that the treaty of Westphalia (1648) is the foundation for the language of international human rights law. It is a series of peace treaties  [22]  and agreements among European states which end the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) and the Eighty Years War (1568-1648) in Europe. As result, these treaties and agreements gave birth to a new system of political order in central Europe, i.e., the system of sovereign state governed by a sovereign. During this period, international law and affairs were based on the notion of state sovereignty. However, the treaties did not restore peace throughout Europe because France and Spain remained at war for the next eleven years. But the Peace of Westphalia at least created a basis for international legal norms or the language of international human rights law.  [23]   In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the UDHR which has become a universal standard for the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide. This adoption is a clear affirmation of the international coexistence which is commonly based on human dignity and respect for all peoples rights in everywhere. However, some criticize that the Universal Declaration was politically impossible during the Cold War to meet both civil or political rights and social or economic rights. Western human rights law focused on political and civil rights such as the right to freedom of speech or religion and so on, whereas socialist and communist countries focused on economic and social rights such as the rights to work, food, housing, etc. International human rights law, however, has developed a dominant language of global justice that ends the cleavages dominant during the Cold War. Today, the language of human rights has become the language common to all humanity, a global lingua franca addressing social, political, cultural and economic issues worldwide. It is shifted from political discourse to a more unified language of global justice. It is a language that guides every human being in an era of globalization. Mary Robinson, the former High Commissioner for Human Rights, once said that: All of us, in our different forms of expression, can speak the common language of humanity, the language of human rights, which is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  [24]   As the World Conference on Human Rights began on 14 June 1993, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, gave the opening statements to the assembled diplomats as follow: Human rights should be viewed not only as the absolute yardstick which they are, but also as a synthesis resulting from a long historical process. As an absolute yardstick, human rights constitute the common language of humanity. Adopting this language allows all peoples to understand others and to be the authors of their own history. Human rights, by definition, are the ultimate norm of all politics. As an historical synthesis, human rights are, in their essence, in constant movement. By that I mean that human rights have a dual nature. They should express absolute, timeless injunctions, yet simultaneously reflect a moment in the development of history. Human rights are both absolute and historically defined.  [25]   However, there are some politicians who use the term human rights in a very narrow sense for their own benefits. As a result of misinterpretation of the term, the UDHR becomes no worth than bourgeois rights or Western rights. Some argue that the fundamental idea of human rights does not go along with the specific characteristics of local or regional cultures and customs. For some, recognizing human rights differently in different contexts according to ones own culture and custom is a better solution for all. But the article 27 of the UDHR proves that the language of the declaration does not exhibit any cultural preference since human rights are a common language of humanity.

Creativity, the Subconcious, and Daydreaming :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Creativity, the Subconcious, and Daydreaming When an artist of any sort is inspired they have what can very closely be compared with a spiritual feeling. Some have said that this state in which, the imagination flows so freely is that of a conscious dream. In this short essay I will explore the ideas behind creativity and this dreamlike state of inspiration. In order to do so we must first decide what creativity is and then how it is affected. Creativity ¡Ã‚ ¦ is it merely the expression of ones ideas, or must it be something that none has ever thought of before? My answer to this question is that neither idea is a proper definition for creativity. To be creative is the ability of the individual to express themselves in a passionate manner that is unique. The expression must be unique in the fact that the way in which it is expressed demonstrates the emotions and feelings of the creator. Also there are other forms of creativity such as inventing in which although the idea itself may not be completely new, or unrelated to something else, but that this idea is a composite of the information, which one has obtained throughout their life. This idea in order to be creative cannot be just a regurgitation of the ideas, but rather it must be an individual perspective. Creativity can be found in every day life in the simplest things, as in the way in which a person observes a flower that they are passing. However, what causes a c reative genius is the way in which they express their unique perspective. Creative Geniuses when asked about their feelings of inspiration have often said that they feel that their spiritualized feeling is similar to that of a dream. Could the dream-like state which artists experience during inspiration be similar to that of daydreaming? Absolutely, Day dreaming is when one ¡Ã‚ ¯s mind drifts from the task that it has been set to do. In this state we are still conscious unlike in sleeping dreams, but our mind is able to, so to speak drift into the depths of itself. There have been studies done that say that daydreaming is connected with intelligence and creativity. This is partially because sometimes our brain needs time to process information and although this is generally done during our REM sleep cycle sometimes it can carry over to our wakeful states.

APOL 104 Worldview Essay

â€Å"A worldview is your philosophy of life. It is the framework you bring to decision-making† (Weider & Gutierrez, 2011, p.69). How we view the world leads us to our destination. II.1. The question of origin- Where do we come from? Christians believe that we were created by the one and only sovereign God (Genesis 1:27). The Christian worldview says that God created the world and everything in it within a six day period where on the sixth day God created one man and one woman from which the past and present global population has originated (Genesis 1:28). 2. The question of identity-What does it mean to be human? The Christian worldview accepts that we are a unique creation of God. Christians believe that man was made in the likeness of God (Genesis 1:27) and then given the authority over all of the earth (Genesis 1:28-30). God intended that man would care for both the livestock and plant life, and both livestock and plant life were given to man to be used as a food source. 3. The question of meaning/purpose- Why Does mankind exist? Christians believe that mankind exists to glorify the creator. This is accomplished through a wide variety of efforts and means. Some of these efforts include worship, (Psalm 95) obedience, (Philippians 2:12-13) prayer, and thanksgiving. The object of these efforts is to establish a personal relationship with God. The end result of the relationship being eternal life where the individual pleasures in God’s immeasurable glory for eternity. 4. The question of morality -What is meant by right and wrong? The Christian worldview cites that morality is derived from the person of God. Specifically God provided mankind with law to establish a baseline for morality (Exodus 20). Morality was not left for man to determine, but was established by God. Mankind has rejected God’s law of morality and so this is in need of salvation from God’s judgment (Romans 3:23) 5. The question of destiny- Is there life after death? Christians believe after death the soul will eternally go to one of two places, with God in heaven or separated from God in Hell. The Christian worldview maintains that both heaven and hell are not figurative, but literal places. In order for one to go to Heaven one must be justified and sanctified. Justification is completed through an individual’s belief in the life, death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and trust that Jesus’ sacrifice was sufficient atonement for one’s sin (John 3:16). Sanctification is carried out daily through a personal relationship with Jesus; the product of which is repentance from sin and obedience to God’s standards of morality ultimately resulting in the soul’s eternal residence in Heaven (Matthew 25:23) III.1. The way the biblical worldview influences the way that I think about, treat, and speak to others on a daily basis comes from being able to accept everyone for who they are. It is easy for the flesh to pass judgment, but I always try to hold each person in the eyes of our Lord. I do not want to be judged or spoken down too therefore I will not act that way towards others. Our biblical worldview can reflect a huge impact on others. 2. The way the biblical worldview influences the way I treat/interact with the environment and non-human creation is based on how God took the time to create every single thing on this planet. I want to take care of His earth, His creation just as He expects me too. We were given authority over the earth, so I will obey. â€Å"God is the source of all that is good, and His goodness can be seen in the beauty of His creation† (Weider & Gutierrez, 2011, p.75). For mankind to harm His creation would be the same as if I bake a cake and then someone comes along and just dumps it in the floor.

Letter Form a Birmingham Jail Mlk Essays

Letter Form a Birmingham Jail Mlk Essays Letter Form a Birmingham Jail Mlk Essay Letter Form a Birmingham Jail Mlk Essay Essay Topic: Letter From Birmingham Jail Oppressed feelings: No longer Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was incarcerated after fighting for his rights in a nonviolent peaceful protest to fight, exercising the first amendment of the Bill of Rights, and the Freedom of speech; an automatic given for those who do not consist of colored skin. In response, Dr. King wrote a powerful letter to the â€Å"genuine† clergymen announcing his strong opinions and beliefs toward segregation, discrimination, and racism. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. executed such an overwhelming piece of writing expressing the poor treatment of African Americans, the explanations of his actions, and his opinions regarding a true and better government. He expressed his desire and faith for the greater good and change in this letter with the use of emotional appeals such as imagery, diction, and descriptions of his harsh personal experiences regarding segregation and discrimination because of his skin color. Paragraphs 14 and 15 consists of emotional twists from unjust laws and release a combination of emotional and harsh events from the African American’s reality that bring the reader into their perspective from a hated level. In these paragraphs, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gets more personal and specific about the harsh treatment of African Americans and personal experiences regarding their harsh reality. Imagery shows all throughout this paragraph to create powerful and tear quenching emotions from the reader to get you to at least slightly understand their perspective. Dr. King immensely expresses what not only he, but all African Americans are and have been going through. He is able to paint a picture in the readers’ head of the abuse, pain, and hatred they have felt. But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society†¦(218). All I see is hate filled police and Caucasian’s with disgust in their face causing undeserving pain to people that only have one difference: their skin color. Although I was not there to personally experience this torment, Dr. King is able to withdraw my emotions with just the truth, and put me on his side. His picture withdrew disgust and angriness for what our society is and how human beings can be. That little piece of the actual paragraph is just a glimpse. Dr. King goes on and on about their mistreatment. They are not just pained physically, but they are also haunted emotionally and mentally as well, â€Å"When you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living in constantly tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and outer resentments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of â€Å"nobodiness†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (218). Personally, feeling alone and insignificant is one of my worst fears about life, and Dr. King along with â€Å"twenty million† others suffered from this feeling for centuries. Imagery was able to capture my full attention in this paragraph, allowed me to see a glimpse of their pain, suffering, and mistreatment. With the powerful impact of imagery in these paragraphs, it certainly wasn’t the only strategy he used. Diction was an immeasurable aspect of this paragraph. The structure of Dr. King’s vocabulary was eloquent and delivered in such a structured, skillful manner that he was able to draw tear-filled emotions to his audience. He used words such as ‘curse’, ‘kick’, ‘lynch’, ‘kill’, ‘smothering’, ‘humiliated’, and ‘despair’. These words are able to describe to the reader of the completely atrocious way people treated each other because of such an insignificant matter, the difference in skin color. Just reading these chosen words and how well it played with imagery, I winced. Using diction is shown to be powerful in this case because if Dr. King were to have only said, ‘mistreatment’, ‘abuse’, or ‘discriminated’, it would not have withdrawn as much emotion from his audience at the time and the readers now. His in detail descriptions of his barbaric treatment and personal experiences is the most influential and compelling strategy in paragraph 14 and 15. The disturbing events that occurred in that time period showed how cruel mankind to be. Dr. King shares experiences such as explaining to his children their harsh realities at that moment in time: When you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her yes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky†¦When you have to concoct an answer for a five year old son who is asking: ‘Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean? (218). Children are thought to be so innocent, pure from hatred, and chance giving and then when their littl e hearts are corrupted to think they are less than someone else, and they feel like they are in a world full of hurt, what are they to do then? Dr. King also shares his bleak experiences of witnessing that hatred be performed with murder and being denied what is thought of as automatic rights. These personal experiences not only keep your nose to the paper, but it is appalling to know the easy capabilities we hold as human beings to torment others for little things not only mentally, but physically, to the point of taking their lives completely away from them. These lives taken lived a life where they were beaten and never shown the feeling of whole freedom and life without hypothetical chains. Dr. King was able to use these experiences to squeeze emotions out of his audience. They not only described their cold facts, but it brought me to his level of understanding and on his side. Dr. King did more than just simply explain their experience. Dr. King described that they have been waiting â€Å"for more than 340 years for† their â€Å"constitutional and God given rights† and watching other nations such as â€Å"Asia† and â€Å"Africa† move â€Å"with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence†, but how the United States was still creeping â€Å"at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter† (217). He talked about how it was appalling for someone who never had to watch â€Å"vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim† (218) to say, â€Å"Wait. That with everything they have been through, they cannot and will not endure it any longer. He strongly felt that this could happen no longer, and that if it took â€Å"disobey[ing] unjust laws† (218) then he would. These paragraphs proved to be a monumental breakthrough for this letter. He described how he wasn’t going to take it any l onger. After a lifetime of witnessing hate, ignorance, and abuse, personally being discriminated and segregated against for his skin color, and being thrown in jail for peacefully protesting, exercising the first mendment, he was still standing strong in his beliefs, not backing down. He was able to persevere through so much, and he wasn’t going to stop until his point was being made and change was happening. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was able to execute these immaculate paragraphs through emotional appeals (diction, imagery, and personal experiences) to minimally just slightly understand what he has been through, and that he will not back down or tolerate it any longer. His cruel reality was not the only thing to breakthrough his audiences’ exterior but his strong will and genuine personality was able to make a huge impact. Through everything, and only being shown hate and violence, he retaliated with calmness, peaceful protests, and nonviolent maneuvers. This was more than the rest of the human race was able to do. After that, Dr. Martin Luther King deserves all the respect in the world.